1. The Supreme Court recently ruled that the data collected during the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls cannot be used for which purpose?
A. Updating electoral rolls
B. Conducting delimitation of constituencies
C. Determining citizenship or other non-election purposes
D. Issuing Voter ID cards
Answer: C. Determining citizenship or other non-election purposes
Explanation: The Supreme Court observed that data collected during the Election Commission’s Special Intensive Revision (SIR) is meant only for electoral purposes. It cannot be used by governments or any authority to determine citizenship or for other non-election-related administrative functions.
The Special Intensive Revision (SIR) is an exercise undertaken by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to update and verify electoral rolls by adding eligible voters, deleting ineligible entries, and correcting voter details.
2. Sonam Wangchuk, recently seen in the news for his hunger strike, is primarily known for his work in which field?
A. Space Research
B. Education Reform and Sustainable Development
C. Nuclear Science
D. Election Reforms
Answer: B. Education Reform and Sustainable Development
Explanation: Sonam Wangchuk is an engineer, innovator, and education reformer from Ladakh. He is known for promoting sustainable technologies such as Ice Stupas and has been campaigning for constitutional safeguards and environmental protection in Ladakh.
3. Which constitutional provision grants special status to Ladakh’s neighbouring State of Arunachal Pradesh but not to Ladakh?
A. Article 356
B. Article 370
C. Sixth Schedule
D. Article 371
Answer: D. Article 371
Explanation: Article 371 and its sub-clauses provide special provisions for several states, including Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, and others. Ladakh does not enjoy similar constitutional safeguards, which is one of the demands raised by Sonam Wangchuk and civil society groups.
4. The Strait of Hormuz, frequently seen in international news, connects which two water bodies?
A. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
B. Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
C. Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea
D. Black Sea and Sea of Marmara
Answer: B. Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
Explanation: The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world’s most strategic maritime chokepoints. It connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea, and a significant portion of global crude oil and LNG trade passes through it.
5. Burnham, recently in the news after becoming the Labour Party leader, is associated with which country?
A. Australia
B. Canada
C. United Kingdom
D. New Zealand
Answer: C. United Kingdom
Explanation: The report states that Burnham was elected leader of the UK’s Labour Party and is set to become the Prime Minister. Leadership changes in major democracies are important topics for competitive examinations.
6. India recently flagged off its first train powered by which fuel?
A. Battery-electric
B. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
C. Hydrogen
D. Bioethanol
Answer: C. Hydrogen
Explanation: India flagged off its first hydrogen-powered train as part of its Green Rail initiative. Hydrogen fuel-cell technology produces electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, emitting only water vapour and supporting India’s clean-energy goals.
7. The annual Aanayoottu (Elephant Feeding Ceremony), seen in the news, is associated with which State?
A. Karnataka
B. Kerala
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Odisha
Answer: B. Kerala
Explanation: Aanayoottu is a famous ritual held at the Sree Vadakkunnathan Temple in Thrissur, Kerala. During the ceremony, elephants are ceremonially fed on the first day of the Malayalam month of Karkidakam.
8. Which Indian State recently decided to serve tofu and paneer in government medical university hostels to meet students’ protein requirements after restricting non-vegetarian food?
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Uttar Pradesh
C. Rajasthan
D. Haryana
Answer: B. Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: The King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, decided to include protein-rich vegetarian foods such as tofu, paneer, soybean chunks and pulses in hostel messes after imposing restrictions on non-vegetarian food.
9. The Model Code of Conduct (MCC), recently mentioned in connection with the Datia Assembly by-election, comes into force from which stage?
A. After polling is completed
B. After election results are declared
C. From the announcement of the election schedule by the Election Commission
D. After candidates file nominations
Answer: C. From the announcement of the election schedule by the Election Commission
Explanation: The Model Code of Conduct comes into effect immediately after the Election Commission announces the election schedule and remains in force until the completion of the electoral process.
10. Mansbal Lake, recently in the news for the return of migratory birds, is located in which Union Territory?
A. Ladakh
B. Jammu & Kashmir
C. Chandigarh
D. Delhi
Answer: B. Jammu & Kashmir
Explanation: Mansbal Lake is situated in the Ganderbal district of Jammu & Kashmir. It is one of the deepest freshwater lakes in the Kashmir Valley and is known for its rich biodiversity and migratory bird population.
Mansbal Lake is a natural freshwater lake in the Kashmir Valley. It supports aquatic vegetation, fish species, and serves as an important habitat for migratory birds.
11. The proposed uranium mining project, recently opposed by local groups, is located in which State?
A. Arunachal Pradesh
B. Meghalaya
C. Assam
D. Nagaland
Answer: B. Meghalaya
Explanation: The proposed uranium mining project in Meghalaya has faced opposition from local communities due to environmental and health concerns. Uranium is a strategic mineral used mainly as fuel in nuclear power generation.
Uranium is a radioactive element primarily used as fuel in nuclear reactors for electricity generation. It is also strategically important for a country’s nuclear energy programme.
12. The Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (MAHSR) project is being developed with financial and technical assistance from which country?
A. France
B. China
C. Japan
D. Germany
Answer: C. Japan
Explanation: The Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (MAHSR) project is India’s first bullet train project. It is being implemented with financial assistance through a soft loan from Japan and uses Japan’s Shinkansen (E5 Series) technology.
13. The Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail project is based on which famous high-speed rail technology?
A. TGV
B. ICE
C. Shinkansen
D. Maglev
Answer: C. Shinkansen
Explanation: The MAHSR project uses Japan’s Shinkansen technology, renowned for its high safety standards, punctuality, and operational efficiency.
The 508-km Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail corridor passes through Maharashtra, the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, and Gujarat.
14. The National Commission for Minorities (NCM), recently in the news, was established under which Act?
A. National Human Rights Commission Act, 1993
B. National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992
C. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
D. Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952
Answer: B. National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992
Explanation: The National Commission for Minorities (NCM) was established under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992 to safeguard the rights and interests of notified minority communities in India.
15. Which High Court recently observed that freedom of the press and accountability are both essential in a democratic society?
A. Bombay High Court
B. Delhi High Court
C. Madras High Court
D. Calcutta High Court
Answer: B. Delhi High Court
Explanation: The Delhi High Court emphasized that while freedom of the press is fundamental in a democracy, it must be accompanied by responsibility, accountability, and adherence to ethical journalistic standards.
16. India recently flagged off its first hydrogen-powered train from which State?
A. Gujarat
B. Haryana
C. Punjab
D. Rajasthan
Answer: B. Haryana
Explanation: Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off India’s first hydrogen-powered train from Jind in Haryana. Hydrogen-powered trains are part of India’s Green Rail initiative aimed at reducing carbon emissions and promoting clean energy in rail transport.
17. Hydrogen fuel-cell trains emit which of the following as their primary by-product?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Sulphur dioxide
C. Water vapour
D. Methane
Answer: C. Water vapour
Explanation: Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The only direct by-product is water vapour, making the technology environmentally friendly.
18. According to the report, approximately what percentage of India’s broad-gauge railway network has been electrified?
A. 65%
B. 75%
C. 90%
D. 99%
Answer: D. 99%
Explanation: The report states that nearly 99% of India’s broad-gauge railway network has been electrified, making Indian Railways one of the largest electrified railway networks in the world.
19. The Parliamentary Committee that recently examined the Bill relating to the removal of the Prime Minister and Chief Ministers from office is a:
A. Public Accounts Committee
B. Department-related Standing Committee
C. Joint Committee of Parliament (JPC)
D. Select Committee of the Rajya Sabha
Answer: C. Joint Committee of Parliament (JPC)
Explanation: A Joint Committee of Parliament (JPC) consists of members from both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha and is constituted to examine specific Bills or issues referred to it by Parliament.
20. A Joint Committee of Parliament (JPC) consists of members from:
A. Only the Lok Sabha
B. Only the Rajya Sabha
C. Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
D. Parliament and State Legislatures
Answer: C. Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
Explanation: A Joint Parliamentary Committee includes members from both Houses of Parliament and is constituted for detailed examination of specific legislation or matters of public importance.
21. The proposal to increase the strength of the Lok Sabha from 543 to 815 seats is linked to which constitutional process?
A. Delimitation
B. Anti-defection
C. Judicial Review
D. Vote on Account
Answer: A. Delimitation
Explanation: Increasing the number of Lok Sabha seats is associated with the delimitation process, which redraws parliamentary constituencies based on population data following constitutional and statutory provisions.
22. Which constitutional articles deal with the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha and the readjustment of constituencies after each Census?
A. Articles 80 and 81
B. Articles 81 and 82
C. Articles 83 and 84
D. Articles 324 and 325
Answer: B. Articles 81 and 82
Explanation: Article 81 deals with the composition of the Lok Sabha, while Article 82 provides for the readjustment of parliamentary constituencies after every Census through a Delimitation Act enacted by Parliament.
23. The Registrar General of India (RGI) recently ordered strict scrutiny of digitised birth and death records under which Act?
A. Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969
B. Census Act, 1948
C. Aadhaar Act, 2016
D. National Population Register Act, 2010
Answer: A. Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969
Explanation: The Registrar General of India directed States to strictly verify digitised birth and death records to prevent fake certificates and misuse of digital registration. The Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969 governs civil registration in India.
The Registrar General of India (RGI) functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs and is responsible for the Census of India, Civil Registration System (CRS), and Sample Registration System (SRS).
The Civil Registration System (CRS) is the nationwide system for compulsory registration of births and deaths. It provides vital statistics used for governance, planning, and demographic analysis.
24. The Supreme Court recently agreed to examine a plea seeking recognition of intersex persons as a distinct class. Intersex refers to persons who:
A. Identify with a gender different from their assigned sex
B. Are born with variations in biological sex characteristics
C. Change gender through surgery
D. Belong to the third gender under the Transgender Persons Act
Answer: B. Are born with variations in biological sex characteristics
Explanation: Intersex persons are born with natural variations in chromosomes, hormones, reproductive organs, or genitalia that do not fit typical binary definitions of male or female. Intersex is a biological condition and is distinct from gender identity.
25. Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before the law, often invoked in matters relating to equal rights for intersex and transgender persons?
A. Article 14
B. Article 19
C. Article 21A
D. Article 25
Answer: A. Article 14
Explanation: Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of laws to all persons. It has been widely relied upon by the Supreme Court in expanding protections for gender and sexual minorities.
26. The Government recently launched the “Vishwas” scheme to facilitate:
A. Crop insurance settlements
B. Settlement of long-pending EPF-related disputes
C. MSME loan restructuring
D. Pension revision for Central Government employees
Answer: B. Settlement of long-pending EPF-related disputes
Explanation: The EPFO launched the “Vishwas” scheme to resolve pending provident fund disputes by providing employers an opportunity to settle cases and improve compliance through simplified procedures.
27. India recently concluded a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with which country?
A. Australia
B. Canada
C. United Kingdom
D. New Zealand
Answer: C. United Kingdom
Explanation: India and the United Kingdom concluded the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) to enhance bilateral trade, reduce tariffs, improve market access, and strengthen economic cooperation.
28. Which sector is expected to benefit significantly from the India–UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)?
A. Space exploration
B. Pharmaceuticals
C. Coal mining
D. Shipbuilding
Answer: B. Pharmaceuticals
Explanation: The agreement is expected to improve market access for Indian generic medicines in the UK by reducing trade barriers and enhancing export opportunities.
29. Which Indian State’s anti-drug campaign “Operation Tofan” was highlighted in the editorial?
A. Tamil Nadu
B. Karnataka
C. Kerala
D. Telangana
Answer: C. Kerala
Explanation: The editorial praised Kerala’s “Operation Tofan” for strengthening inter-agency coordination against narcotics trafficking and improving enforcement against organised drug networks.
30. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act was enacted in which year?
A. 2009
B. 2010
C. 2012
D. 2015
Answer: C. 2012
Explanation: The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 is a comprehensive law enacted to protect children below 18 years of age from sexual assault, sexual harassment, and pornography. It provides child-friendly procedures for investigation and trial.
The POCSO Act defines a child as any person below 18 years of age, irrespective of gender.
The POCSO Act criminalises penetrative and non-penetrative sexual assault, sexual harassment, and the use of children for pornographic purposes, while providing child-friendly legal procedures.
The Ministry of Women and Child Development is the nodal ministry responsible for implementing and monitoring the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012.
31. Toxicology is the scientific study of:
A. Earthquakes
B. Poisonous substances and their effects on living organisms
C. Fingerprint analysis
D. Blood groups
Answer: B. Poisonous substances and their effects on living organisms
Explanation: Toxicology deals with the detection, analysis, and effects of poisons, drugs, and other harmful chemicals. Toxicological examination is frequently used in criminal and medico-legal investigations.
32. Which Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 provision was mentioned in connection with the legal proceedings in the report?
A. Section 302
B. Section 351
C. Section 65
D. Section 103
Answer: B. Section 351
Explanation: The report mentions legal proceedings under Section 351 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, along with provisions of the POCSO Act. Candidates should note that the BNS has replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC) as India’s principal criminal law.
33. Which new criminal law replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860?
A. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023
B. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023
C. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023
D. Criminal Procedure Code (Amendment) Act, 2023
Answer: C. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023
Explanation: The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860. It came into force along with the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023, modernising India’s criminal justice framework.
34. The Core Industries Index (ICI), recently in the news, measures the performance of how many core industries?
A. Six
B. Seven
C. Eight
D. Ten
Answer: C. Eight
Explanation: The Index of Eight Core Industries measures the combined performance of Coal, Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Refinery Products, Fertilisers, Steel, Cement, and Electricity. It is released by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
35. Which of the following is NOT included in the Index of Eight Core Industries?
A. Steel
B. Cement
C. Electricity
D. Automobiles
Answer: D. Automobiles
Explanation: Automobiles are not part of the Core Industries Index. The index covers eight infrastructure sectors that have a significant impact on the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).
36. Vizhinjam Port, recently in the news for starting EXIM operations, is located in which State?
A. Tamil Nadu
B. Karnataka
C. Kerala
D. Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C. Kerala
Explanation: Vizhinjam International Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport is located near Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala. It is India’s first dedicated deepwater transshipment port.
EXIM refers to export and import trade. Commencement of EXIM operations at Vizhinjam Port will strengthen India’s maritime trade and reduce dependence on foreign transshipment hubs.
37. The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) recently approved Wegovy for which medical condition?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Obesity (weight management)
C. Hypertension
D. Osteoporosis
Answer: B. Obesity (weight management)
Explanation: CDSCO approved Wegovy (semaglutide) for chronic weight management in eligible adults. It belongs to the GLP-1 receptor agonist class of medicines and is also used in the management of obesity-related health risks.
CDSCO is India’s national drug regulatory authority under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It is responsible for the approval and regulation of drugs, vaccines, and medical devices.
38. Southern Mexico was recently struck by a 7.3-magnitude earthquake. Which organisation issues global earthquake magnitude reports?
A. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
B. United States Geological Survey (USGS)
C. World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
D. International Seismological Centre (ISC)
Answer: B. United States Geological Survey (USGS)
Explanation: The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is one of the world’s leading agencies for monitoring earthquakes. It reports earthquake magnitude, epicentre, and depth, and provides global seismic information.
39. Andy Burnham, recently elected leader of the U.K. Labour Party, previously served as the Mayor of:
A. London
B. Birmingham
C. Greater Manchester
D. Liverpool
Answer: C. Greater Manchester
Explanation: Andy Burnham served as the Mayor of Greater Manchester before becoming the Labour Party leader. Leadership changes in major democracies are important for competitive examinations.
40. Germany and France recently pledged to deepen defence cooperation. Both countries are members of which military alliance?
A. ASEAN
B. NATO
C. BRICS
D. SCO
Answer: B. NATO
Explanation: Germany and France are founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a collective defence alliance established in 1949.
NATO was established on 4 April 1949 through the North Atlantic Treaty to provide collective security among member nations.
Article 5 states that an armed attack against one NATO member is considered an attack against all members, forming the basis of NATO’s collective defence principle.
41. Israel’s Parliament, recently in the news for dissolving ahead of elections, is known as the:
A. Knesset
B. Duma
C. Majlis
D. Bundestag
Answer: A. Knesset
Explanation: The Knesset is Israel’s unicameral legislature consisting of 120 members. It is responsible for law-making, approving the government, and overseeing the executive.
Israel’s Parliament, the Knesset, consists of 120 elected members and serves as the country’s unicameral legislature.
42. China recently proposed an AI governance model for the Global South. Which grouping is commonly associated with the term “Global South”?
A. Only OECD countries
B. Developing and emerging economies of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania
C. Only African countries
D. Only BRICS countries
Answer: B. Developing and emerging economies of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania
Explanation: The Global South broadly refers to developing and emerging economies across Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania that often share similar development challenges and priorities in international forums.
43. Which organisation is currently leading international efforts to develop global principles for Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance?
A. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
B. United Nations
C. UNESCO
D. World Trade Organization (WTO)
Answer: C. UNESCO
Explanation: UNESCO adopted the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in 2021, the first global standard-setting framework for the ethical development and use of AI.
44. Which UNESCO recommendation, adopted in 2021, provides the first global normative framework on Artificial Intelligence?
A. Recommendation on Open Science
B. Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
C. Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights
D. Convention on Cyber Security
Answer: B. Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Explanation: UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (2021) is the world’s first global normative framework promoting human rights, transparency, accountability, and ethical use of AI technologies.
45. The photograph titled “Bottling a spring” highlights the impact of prolonged drought linked to which climate phenomenon?
A. La Niña
B. El Niño
C. Arctic Oscillation
D. Polar Vortex
Answer: B. El Niño
Explanation: The report states that Indonesia is experiencing a prolonged dry season associated with El Niño, which typically reduces rainfall across many parts of Southeast Asia.
El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), marked by unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, influencing global weather patterns.
46. Amnesty International, mentioned in the news, is best known as:
A. A United Nations agency
B. An international human rights organisation
C. A global financial institution
D. An international court
Answer: B. An international human rights organisation
Explanation: Amnesty International is a global non-governmental organisation that campaigns for the protection of human rights, monitors rights violations, and advocates for justice and equality worldwide.
47. J.K. Rowling, mentioned in the news, is best known as the author of which book series?
A. The Lord of the Rings
B. Percy Jackson
C. Harry Potter
D. The Chronicles of Narnia
Answer: C. Harry Potter
Explanation: J.K. Rowling is the British author of the internationally acclaimed Harry Potter series, one of the best-selling book franchises in history.
48. El Niño and La Niña together are phases of which climate system?
A. Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
B. Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)
C. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
D. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
Answer: C. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Explanation: ENSO is a coupled ocean-atmosphere climate phenomenon consisting of three phases—El Niño (warm phase), La Niña (cool phase), and the neutral phase. It significantly influences rainfall, temperature, monsoon patterns, and tropical cyclone activity across the world.
49. Sir Garfield Sobers, who passed away recently, represented which country in international cricket?
A. Australia
B. England
C. West Indies
D. South Africa
Answer: C. West Indies
Explanation: Sir Garfield Sobers was one of the greatest all-rounders in cricket history. He represented the West Indies in 93 Test matches between 1954 and 1974 and excelled as a batter, bowler, and fielder.
In 1968, playing for Nottinghamshire against Glamorgan, Sobers became the first cricketer to hit six sixes in a single over in first-class cricket, off left-arm spinner Malcolm Nash.
Sir Garfield Sobers was among the inaugural inductees into the ICC Hall of Fame in 2007, recognising his extraordinary contribution to international cricket.
50. Linda Nosková, featured in the news after Wimbledon, belongs to which country?
A. Poland
B. Czech Republic
C. Slovakia
D. Croatia
Answer: B. Czech Republic
Explanation: Linda Nosková is a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. She is regarded as one of the emerging stars in women’s tennis.
51. How many Grand Slam tournaments are held each year?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
Answer: C. Four
Explanation: The four annual Grand Slam tournaments are:
Australian Open (Hard Court)
French Open (Clay)
Wimbledon (Grass)
US Open (Hard Court)
The Australian Open, held in Melbourne every January, is the first Grand Slam tournament of the tennis calendar, followed by the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open.
52. Emmanuel Wanyonyi, recently in the news, belongs to which country?
A. Ethiopia
B. Uganda
C. Kenya
D. Morocco
Answer: C. Kenya
Explanation: Emmanuel Wanyonyi is a Kenyan middle-distance runner who has emerged as one of the world’s leading 800 m and 1000 m athletes.
Emmanuel Wanyonyi set a new men’s 1000 metres world record, surpassing the long-standing mark previously held by Noah Ngeny.
53. Which Kenyan athlete’s long-standing 1000 metres world record was broken by Emmanuel Wanyonyi?
A. David Rudisha
B. Eliud Kipchoge
C. Noah Ngeny
D. Timothy Cheruiyot
Answer: C. Noah Ngeny
Explanation: Wanyonyi broke Noah Ngeny’s world record in the men’s 1000 metres, a mark that had stood for many years.
54. The article “Cloud surfing” describes the sport of paragliding. Which force primarily enables a paraglider to remain airborne?
A. Magnetic force
B. Buoyant force
C. Aerodynamic lift
D. Centrifugal force
Answer: C. Aerodynamic lift
Explanation: A paraglider flies using a fabric wing that generates aerodynamic lift as air flows over it. Pilots use wind currents and thermals to remain airborne without an engine.
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