1. A recent study found that nearly what proportion of India’s monsoon rainfall evaporates before reaching the ground?
A. One-tenth
B. One-fourth
C. One-half
D. Three-fourths
Answer: B. One-fourth
Explanation: A recent scientific study found that nearly 25% of India’s monsoon rainfall evaporates in mid-air before reaching the ground. The finding is significant for understanding the Indian monsoon, improving weather forecasting, and planning water-resource management under changing climatic conditions.
2. Researchers from India have developed a quantum algorithm primarily aimed at achieving which objective?
A. Faster satellite communication
B. Improving blockchain security
C. Outperforming conventional computers in specific computational tasks
D. Predicting earthquakes accurately
Answer: C. Outperforming conventional computers in specific computational tasks
Explanation: Indian researchers have developed a quantum algorithm capable of outperforming classical computers for certain complex computational problems. The achievement highlights India’s growing capabilities in quantum computing, an emerging frontier in science and technology.
3. India and New Zealand have agreed to target what increase in bilateral trade over the next decade?
A. Double it to $10 billion
B. Triple it to $15 billion
C. Double it to $30 billion
D. Increase it to $50 billion
Answer: C. Double it to $30 billion
Explanation: India and New Zealand agreed to strengthen their strategic partnership and double bilateral trade to about $30 billion over the next ten years. The two countries also emphasized cooperation in trade, investment, defence, maritime security, agriculture, education, and the Indo-Pacific region.
4. More than 20 lakh voters were recently deleted from the draft electoral rolls of how many States and Union Territories?
A. 2 States and 1 Union Territory
B. 3 States and 2 Union Territories
C. 4 States and 1 Union Territory
D. 5 States only
Answer: C. 4 States and 1 Union Territory
Explanation: According to the Election Commission’s draft electoral rolls, over 20 lakh voters were removed across four States and one Union Territory after revision. Electoral roll revision is a regular exercise to remove duplicate, shifted, deceased, or otherwise ineligible voters.
5. Which legendary playback singer, popularly known as the “South’s Nightingale”, passed away recently?
A. P. Susheela
B. K. S. Chithra
C. Vani Jairam
D. S. Janaki
Answer: D. S. Janaki
Explanation: Legendary playback singer S. Janaki passed away at the age of 88. She recorded thousands of songs in multiple Indian languages and was one of the most celebrated voices in Indian cinema, receiving numerous national and state honours during her career.
6. The Kerala Government has constituted an expert committee to investigate the debris slip that occurred at which place?
A. Munnar
B. Silent Valley
C. Kalladi in Wayanad
D. Idukki Dam
Answer: C. Kalladi in Wayanad
Explanation: The Kerala Government has formed an expert committee to examine the causes of the Kalladi debris slip in Wayanad, which claimed seven lives. The committee will assess geological, environmental, and climatic factors and recommend measures to prevent similar disasters in the future.
The committee has been tasked with studying the geological, hydrological, environmental, and climatic causes of the debris slip. It will also recommend long-term mitigation strategies for landslide-prone regions.
7. Three UN Special Rapporteurs have sought details from the Government of India regarding concerns over which electoral exercise?
A. National Population Register (NPR)
B. Census 2027
C. Delimitation Exercise
D. Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls
Answer: D. Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls
Explanation: Three UN Special Rapporteurs sought clarification from the Government of India regarding the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls, raising concerns over voter deletions and seeking information on the process adopted.
8. The Indian Navy recently commissioned which indigenously built stealth frigate?
A. INS Nilgiri
B. INS Udaygiri
C. INS Surat
D. INS Mahendragiri
Answer: D. INS Mahendragiri
Explanation: The Indian Navy commissioned INS Mahendragiri, the seventh and final stealth frigate under Project 17A. The warship is equipped with advanced stealth features and modern indigenous combat systems, strengthening India’s maritime capabilities.
INS Mahendragiri is the final vessel of the Project 17A stealth frigate programme. Project 17A is aimed at enhancing the Navy’s blue-water capabilities with advanced, multi-role guided-missile frigates.
9. The West Bengal Government has constituted a committee to review the draft of which proposed legislation?
A. West Bengal Land Reforms Act
B. Anti-Conversion Bill
C. Uniform Civil Code of India
D. West Bengal Uniform Civil Code (Draft UCC)
Answer: D. West Bengal Uniform Civil Code (Draft UCC)
Explanation: The West Bengal Government has formed a committee headed by Justice Ranjit Kumar Bag to review the proposed Draft Uniform Civil Code (UCC) for the State. The committee will examine its legal, constitutional, and social implications before submitting recommendations.
10. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has directed that Vande Mataram should be played at official events in which sequence?
A. After the National Anthem
B. Before the National Anthem
C. Simultaneously with the National Anthem
D. At the end of the programme only
Answer: B. Before the National Anthem
Explanation: The MHA has reiterated that Vande Mataram should be played before the National Anthem at official events. It also instructed all States and Central Ministries to ensure correct pronunciation and adherence to the prescribed protocol.
Vande Mataram was composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and first published in his novel Anandamath (1882). It was adopted as the National Song of India by the Constituent Assembly in 1950.
11. Which Act criminalises the intentional prevention of singing the National Anthem or causing disturbance during its rendition?
A. Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
B. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
C. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967
D. Official Secrets Act, 1923
Answer: A. Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
Explanation: The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 makes it an offence to intentionally prevent the singing of the National Anthem or cause disturbance during its rendition. The Act provides punishment with imprisonment, fine, or both.
12. According to the IITM study, which region of India experiences the highest mid-air evaporation of monsoon rainfall?
A. Indo-Gangetic Plain
B. Himalayan Region
C. North-Western Ghats during the southwest monsoon
D. Eastern Coastal Plains
Answer: C. North-Western Ghats during the southwest monsoon
Explanation: The study found that the North-Western Ghats record the highest mid-air evaporation of rainfall during the southwest monsoon, primarily due to atmospheric conditions that favour evaporation before raindrops reach the surface.
13. The controversy surrounding the Punjabi film Satluj primarily relates to action taken under which provision of the Information Technology Act, 2000?
A. Section 66A
B. Section 69B
C. Section 69A
D. Section 79
Answer: C. Section 69A
Explanation: The film Satluj was removed from an OTT platform following government action under Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, which empowers the government to block online content on specified grounds such as sovereignty, security, and public order.
14. Which landmark Supreme Court judgment upheld the constitutional validity of Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000?
A. K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India
B. Shreya Singhal v. Union of India
C. Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India
D. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
Answer: B. Shreya Singhal v. Union of India
Explanation: In Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015), the Supreme Court upheld the validity of Section 69A and its blocking procedure while striking down Section 66A of the Information Technology Act as unconstitutional.
15. The Video Assistant Referee (VAR), often seen in football, is primarily used to review which of the following?
A. Every foul committed during a match
B. Every offside decision automatically
C. Clear and obvious errors in key match-changing incidents
D. All referee decisions made during a match
Answer: C. Clear and obvious errors in key match-changing incidents
Explanation: VAR (Video Assistant Referee) is used to assist the on-field referee in reviewing clear and obvious errors involving goals, penalty decisions, direct red cards, and cases of mistaken identity. The final decision always rests with the on-field referee.
16. Which country is home to the Prambanan Temple, one of the largest Hindu temple complexes in Southeast Asia?
A. Thailand
B. Cambodia
C. Malaysia
D. Indonesia
Answer: D. Indonesia
Explanation: Prambanan Temple is located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is the largest Hindu temple complex in Indonesia and is dedicated primarily to the Trimurti—Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
The Prambanan Temple is dedicated to the Trimurti—Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). It is regarded as one of the finest examples of Hindu temple architecture in Southeast Asia.
17. Nigel Farage, who was recently in the news, is a prominent political leader from which country?
A. France
B. Germany
C. United States
D. United Kingdom
Answer: D. United Kingdom
Explanation: Nigel Farage is a British politician best known for his leadership role in the Brexit campaign and for founding the Reform UK party. He has been one of the most influential figures in recent British politics.
18. Which bird disease-causing virus has been identified and genetically characterised in India for the first time?
A. Avian Influenza H5N1
B. Newcastle Disease Virus
C. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus-4 (PaBV-4)
D. West Nile Virus
Answer: C. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus-4 (PaBV-4)
Explanation: Indian researchers have identified and genetically characterised Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus-4 (PaBV-4) for the first time in India. The virus affects the digestive and nervous systems of parrots and related birds and is significant for wildlife conservation and avian health.
PaBV-4 infects birds of the family Psittacidae, which includes parrots, macaws, cockatoos, parakeets, and related species. The virus is associated with Psittacine Dilatation Disease (PDD).
19. Indian researchers recently demonstrated “quantum advantage” using a quantum processor with how many qubits?
A. 64 qubits
B. 72 qubits
C. 100 qubits
D. 120 qubits
Answer: D. 120 qubits
Explanation: Scientists from BITS Pilani, working with IBM Quantum, demonstrated quantum advantage by simulating subatomic particle behaviour on a 120-qubit quantum processor. The achievement was verified using the Quantum Advantage Tracker (QAT).
The Quantum Advantage Tracker (QAT) is a benchmarking tool that assesses whether a quantum computer has successfully performed a computation beyond the practical capability of classical computers.
20. According to a recent satellite-based study, dams have altered downstream river temperatures in approximately what percentage of the world’s large dams?
A. 35%
B. 50%
C. 71%
D. 90%
Answer: C. 71%
Explanation: A satellite-based study found that 71% of the world’s large dams have altered downstream water temperatures. Such temperature changes can significantly affect aquatic ecosystems, fish populations, and river biodiversity.
21. Researchers recently observed, for the first time in the Indian Ocean, evidence of which geological phenomenon?
A. Mid-ocean ridge formation
B. Underwater methane eruption
C. Hydrothermal vent formation
D. A rifting event
Answer: D. A rifting event
Explanation: Scientists reported the first observation of a rifting event in the Indian Ocean, where tectonic plates gradually pulled apart, providing new insights into plate tectonics and seafloor evolution.
22. The Government of India announced a ₹10,000 crore scheme in Union Budget 2026–27 to promote the domestic manufacturing of which product?
A. Semiconductor chips
B. Solar panels
C. Shipping containers
D. Electric vehicle batteries
Answer: C. Shipping containers
Explanation: The ₹10,000 crore container manufacturing scheme announced in the Union Budget 2026–27 aims to boost domestic production of shipping containers, reduce import dependence, and strengthen India’s logistics and export infrastructure.
23. Which Indian company recently unveiled the country’s first domestically manufactured EXIM container under the government’s container manufacturing initiative?
A. Larsen & Toubro
B. Adani Ports and SEZ
C. Tata Steel
D. DCM Shriram Group
Answer: D. DCM Shriram Group
Explanation: DCM Shriram Group unveiled India’s first domestically manufactured EXIM container at Dadri. The initiative supports the government’s vision of achieving self-reliance in logistics equipment.
24. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), India’s natural gas demand is expected to change by 2026?
A. Increase by 5%
B. Increase by 8%
C. Remain unchanged
D. Decline by 8%
Answer: D. Decline by 8%
Explanation: The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects that India’s natural gas demand could decline by about 8% in 2026, mainly due to supply disruptions, higher prices, and geopolitical uncertainties affecting LNG imports.
25. V.O. Chidambaranar (V.O.C.) Port has recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with which European port?
A. Port of Rotterdam (Netherlands)
B. Port of Hamburg (Germany)
C. Port of Le Havre (France)
D. Port of Antwerp-Bruges (Belgium)
Answer: D. Port of Antwerp-Bruges (Belgium)
Explanation: V.O.C. Port signed an MoU with the Port of Antwerp-Bruges to strengthen cooperation in port management, capacity building, digitalisation, sustainability, green shipping, and logistics.
26. Which country recently experienced its second nationwide blackout within a week?
A. Venezuela
B. Haiti
C. Dominican Republic
D. Cuba
Answer: D. Cuba
Explanation: Cuba suffered its second islandwide blackout in a week due to failures in its ageing power infrastructure and shortages of fuel. The repeated outages have disrupted essential services and daily life across the country.
27. U.S. and Lebanese officials recently held discussions regarding Israel’s proposed withdrawal from which area?
A. Golan Heights
B. Gaza Strip
C. West Bank
D. “Pilot zone” in southern Lebanon
Answer: D. “Pilot zone” in southern Lebanon
Explanation: U.S. and Lebanese officials discussed Israel’s proposed withdrawal from a “pilot zone” in southern Lebanon as part of efforts to reduce tensions along the Israel–Lebanon border and support regional stability.
28. Which former Indian cricketers were inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame?
A. Kapil Dev and Rahul Dravid
B. Sunil Gavaskar and Anil Kumble
C. M.S. Dhoni and Yuvraj Singh
D. Sourav Ganguly and Anjum Chopra
Answer: D. Sourav Ganguly and Anjum Chopra
Explanation: Former India captain Sourav Ganguly and former India women’s captain Anjum Chopra were inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame in recognition of their outstanding contributions to international cricket.
29. Which Indian women’s cricketer was praised by former England cricketer Mark Butcher as an “incredibly graceful player”?
A. Harmanpreet Kaur
B. Jemimah Rodrigues
C. Shafali Verma
D. Smriti Mandhana
Answer: D. Smriti Mandhana
Explanation: Former England cricketer Mark Butcher described Smriti Mandhana as an “incredibly graceful player”, praising her elegant stroke play and significant contribution to Indian women’s cricket.
30. Which Indian athlete recently won the silver medal in the men’s 10,000 metres at the Asian U23 Athletics Championships?
A. Gulveer Singh
B. Avinash Sable
C. Sarvesh Kushare
D. Shivaji
Answer: D. Shivaji
Explanation: Shivaji won the silver medal in the men’s 10,000 metres at the Asian U23 Athletics Championships, contributing to India’s medal tally at the event.
31. Which Indian athlete won the bronze medal in the women’s discus throw at the Asian U23 Athletics Championships?
A. Seema Punia
B. Kamalpreet Kaur
C. Annu Rani
D. Priya
Answer: D. Priya
Explanation: Priya secured the bronze medal in the women’s discus throw at the Asian U23 Athletics Championships, adding another podium finish for India.
32. Indian high jumper Sarvesh Kushare recently achieved which milestone at the Diamond League?
A. Won the gold medal
B. Broke the Asian record
C. Finished third for his first Diamond League podium
D. Qualified for the World Championships with a national record
Answer: C. Finished third for his first Diamond League podium
Explanation: Sarvesh Kushare finished third at the Diamond League, becoming the first Indian high jumper to achieve a Diamond League podium finish.
33. Animesh Kujur, who was recently in the news, is associated with which sport?
A. Long-distance running
B. High jump
C. Javelin throw
D. Sprint (100 metres)
Answer: D. Sprint (100 metres)
Explanation: Animesh Kujur became the fastest Indian over 100 metres by clocking a national record time, marking a major milestone in Indian athletics.
34. Legendary playback singer S. Janaki, who recently passed away, was popularly known by which title in Tamil music?
A. Isai Gnani
B. Kuyil Paadum Kuyil
C. Isai Arasi (Queen of Music)
D. Kalaimamani
Answer: C. Isai Arasi (Queen of Music)
Explanation: S. Janaki was affectionately known as “Isai Arasi” (Queen of Music) for her extraordinary contribution to Indian playback singing. She recorded thousands of songs across multiple Indian languages over a career spanning more than six decades.
S. Janaki received four National Film Awards for Best Female Playback Singer, making her one of India’s most celebrated playback singers. She also won numerous State Film Awards across South India.
S. Janaki recorded thousands of songs in more than 18 Indian languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Hindi, Bengali, Odia, and several others, making her one of India’s most versatile playback singers.
35. The Juang community, highlighted in the news after the deaths of migrant workers in Tamil Nadu, is classified as which category in India?
A. Scheduled Tribe (ST)
B. Denotified Tribe (DNT)
C. Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG)
D. Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (OTFD)
Answer: C. Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG)
Explanation: The Juang community is one of India’s Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). The recent deaths of Juang girls working at a seafood processing unit in Tamil Nadu have brought attention to the socio-economic vulnerabilities and migration challenges faced by PVTGs.
The Juang are a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of Odisha, mainly inhabiting the districts of Keonjhar, Dhenkanal, and Angul. They are among the most socio-economically vulnerable tribal communities in the country.
36. Which constitutional provision directs the State to promote the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections?
A. Article 21A
B. Article 243G
C. Article 275(1)
D. Article 46
Answer: D. Article 46
Explanation: Article 46 of the Directive Principles of State Policy directs the State to promote the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other weaker sections, while protecting them from social injustice and exploitation. This provision is frequently cited in discussions on tribal welfare.
37. The development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) is implemented under which Central Government umbrella scheme?
A. Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan
B. Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
C. Eklavya Model Residential School Scheme
D. Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan (DAJGUA)
Answer: D. Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan (DAJGUA)
Explanation: The Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan (DAJGUA) is a flagship Central initiative aimed at improving infrastructure, livelihoods, education, healthcare, and overall socio-economic conditions in tribal-majority villages, including those inhabited by PVTGs.
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